There havebeen many explorers. Some of who went to Antarctica. Those people have risked their lives to discover a vast unknown land, were they could have died. For over 238 years explorers have been going to this big white continent at the bottom of the world. They have found new areas, researched, discovered and explored a white desert. Every explorer would have battled and most have survived the coldest, driest, windiest continent in the world.
http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~mukhop/Publish/images/Antarctica_satellite.jpg Captain Cook is aBritish explorer. In 1772 he was sent to search for Antarctica. Cooks sail took three whole years. To travel around, Cook had two ships. They were called Adventure and Resolution. Those ships circled Antarctica four times. Cook was the first person to travel the whole way around Antarctica. Cook also proved that Antarctica was at the southern most point of the Antarctic Circle. However, Cook did not actually see the continent Antarctica himself.
When he returned from Antarctica, Cook brought a lot of new information. He told everybody
of gigantic icebergs, pack ice, thick fogs, dangerous seas and lots of wildlife. Unfortunately, Cook also found out that Antarctica was not a great place to start growing new crops. He said that there seemed to be too much ice, and that nothing would grow. The wildlife on the other hand was quite plentiful with lots of seals, whales and penguins. The sealing and whaling industries were about to bloom.
For a long time the explorers to discover Antarctica were Seal and Whale Hunters. Many new places were found by the sealers who were trying to find new breeding grounds for seals and whalers looking for whales. The Enderby Brothers of London were a sealing and whaling company. They encouraged captains and their crews to take their ships and explore Antarctica as well as hunt seals and whales. This led to many new discoveries of land as well as lots of seal colonies breeding grounds. It also gave a chance to spots some whales. With so many hunters out on the water it was a competition between everybody to who got the most blubber (fat). In an effort to keep some breeding grounds secret some hunters would deliberately name and chart islands that did not exist, to trick other hunters. After so many years the hunters were the explorers of Antarctica.
Lieutenant Ernest Shackleton and Sir Douglas Mawson are very famous Antarctic explorers from the early 1900s. Both of these men help us increase our knowledge of Antarctica from their many dangerous expeditions. They are two of the greatest and well-known explorers to go to Antarctica. Mawson and Shackleton have almost died in one of the harshest continents in the world.
Douglas Mawson was Australia’s greatest Antarctic explorer. He first went to Antarctica with Ernest Shackleton’s 1907-09 expedition. In 1911 Mawson led his own expedition. The base camp was set up at Cape Denison on Commonwealth bay. His team explored and mapped all the way from the coastal area of Antarctica to the south of Australia. Mawson is a geologist (A person who studies rocks) and histeam was very lucky in finding the first meteorite on Antarctica. They were also the first to use radio communication in Antarctica. In 1912 the team exc
Douglas Mawson
hanged a radio message from Cape Denison and Macquarie Island. From 1913-14, Mawson’s expedition was going downhill. Belgrave Ninnas, one of Mawson’s team members fell down a crevasse with the food sled,the main tent and some dogs. Later another companion, Dr Xavier Mertz, died due to sickness and frostbite. Mawson was left on his own. He eventually had an accident and fell down a crevasse. But Mawson pulled himself out and was exhausted. He was close to starvation and barely survived. Mawson staggered for 160 kilometres to Cape Denison and there he spent the whole winter recovering from the journey. http://www.theage.com.au/ffximage/2008/05/09/Mawson_080507095108013_wideweb__300x375,1.jpg In 1901 Ernest Shackleton joined an expedition to go to Antarctica. The leader of the expedition was Robert Falcon Scott. Later in 1907-09 Shackleton lead his own expedition to reach the South Pole. Shackleton was only 160 kilometres away when he had to turn back because if the lack of food. He then returned again in 1914 to try and cross Antarctica by land. They did not succeed due to an unfortunate incident, which showed Shackleton’s great leadership. This incident started with the expeditions boat, Endurance got stuck in the ice. It was there for 10 months before it was crushed by the pressure on the ice. Half of the team took 3 row boats to Elephant Island but no one was there. Some of the team stay on Elephant Island. Shackleton and 5 other people then took only one of the lifeboats and made it through treacherous water to South Georgia Island. This is where they found a fishing town and convinced a Chilean tugboat to take them back to Elephant Island and to rescue the rest of the expedition on Antarctica. No one on Shackleton’s team died and they all got back safely to their homes to tell of their trilling tale.
Roald Amundsen at the pole
Mawson and Shackleton brought back a lot of information and saw just a glimpse of the vast frozen continent.
In 1911 two men, Roald Amundsen from Norway and Robert Falcon Scott from Britain bothset out in an attempt to reach the South Pole.
After Shackleton’s failed attempt in 1909, Robert Falcon Scott tried to reach the South Pole. But what Scott didn’t know was that a secret expedition from Norway, who was also trying to reach the Pole.
Amundsen was an experienced Antarctic explorer. He sailed to the Bay of Whales and set up a base called Framheim. His expedition was a secret but Amundsen was a lot more organised than Scott.
He had 5 men and 52 dogs.
His expedition was a secret but Amundsen was a lot more organised than Scott. Beforethe expedition started, Amundsen and his team placed fo
Robert Scott
od
packages along a track. His team used skis and teams of huskies to pull the sleds. On the 14th of December 1911, Amundsen’s team reach the South Pole without any problems. To get back to Framheim, theteam’s base, it took them 99 days or 1093 kilometres. Once they got to their base it took them 5 days tosail to Victoria. The team told everyone of their victory.
Exploration by air of Antarctica started with balloons. But these balloons were tied to the ground for the safety of the people inside. When aeroplanes were finally flown over Antarctica, the explorers explored and mapped a lot more of Antarctica. In 1902, Robert Scott and Ernest Shackleton were the first people to see Antarctica from a hydrogen balloon. The balloons name was Eva.
http://www.lessignets.com/signetsdiane/calendrier/images/janv/17/Robert_Scott-gr1223.jpg
Sir George Hubert Wilkins was an Australian pilot. Who was part of Shackleton’s 1922 expedition, later in1928, Wilkins and his co-pilot, Carl Eilson, were the first to fly an aeroplane over Antarctica. The flight went for 11 hours straight. They covered over 2100 kilometres. The flight went from Deception Island to the Antarctic Peninsula and back again. Wilkins was thrilled about how valuable it was to have an aeroplane to fly over Antarctica. Wilkins stated ‘for the first time in human history, new land was being discovered from the air.’
Admiral Richard Byrd was an Antarctic explorer for the US from 1928-47. In 1929 Byrd and three other companions were the first to fly over the South Pole. Their trip took 19 hour. Byrd also mapped many large areas for newly discovered land from the air. While explorers were in the air, scientists on the land researched rocks and meteorites on Antarctica.
Lincoln Ellsworth was a millionaire. He was an adventurer from the US. In 1953 Ellsworth became the first person to fly across the Antarctic continent. The plane he flew was named Polar Star. Ellsworth and his co-pilot Herbert Hollick-Kenyon started their trip at Dundee Island. Which is just of the Northern Peninsula of Antarctica. The plane had to land three times before finally running out of fuel. They were forced to land on the Ross Ice Shelf. They were only half an hour away from their destination. Ellsworth and his companion were rescued with help from Australia.
By Teigan Forbes
There have
http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~mukhop/Publish/images/Antarctica_satellite.jpg
Captain Cook is aBritish explorer. In 1772 he was sent to search for Antarctica. Cooks sail took three whole years. To travel around, Cook had two ships. They were called Adventure and Resolution. Those ships circled Antarctica four times. Cook was the first person to travel the whole way around Antarctica. Cook also proved that Antarctica was at the southern most point of the Antarctic Circle. However, Cook did not actually see the continent Antarctica himself.
When he returned from Antarctica, Cook brought a lot of new information. He told everybody
of gigantic icebergs, pack ice, thick fogs, dangerous seas and lots of wildlife. Unfortunately, Cook also found out that Antarctica was not a great place to start growing new crops. He said that there seemed to be too much ice, and that nothing would grow. The wildlife on the other hand was quite plentiful with lots of seals, whales and penguins. The sealing and whaling industries were about to bloom.
For a long time the explorers to discover Antarctica were Seal and Whale Hunters. Many new places were found by the sealers who were trying to find new breeding grounds for seals and whalers looking for whales. The Enderby Brothers of London were a sealing and whaling company. They encouraged captains and their crews to take their ships and explore Antarctica as well as hunt seals and whales. This led to many new discoveries of land as well as lots of seal colonies breeding grounds. It also gave a chance to spots some whales. With so many hunters out on the water it was a competition between everybody to who got the most blubber (fat). In an effort to keep some breeding grounds secret some hunters would deliberately name and chart islands that did not exist, to trick other hunters. After so many years the hunters were the explorers of Antarctica.
Lieutenant Ernest Shackleton and Sir Douglas Mawson are very famous Antarctic explorers from the early 1900s. Both of these men help us increase our knowledge of Antarctica from their many dangerous expeditions. They are two of the greatest and well-known explorers to go to Antarctica. Mawson and Shackleton have almost died in one of the harshest continents in the world.
Douglas Mawson was Australia’s greatest Antarctic explorer. He first went to Antarctica with Ernest Shackleton’s 1907-09 expedition. In 1911 Mawson led his own expedition. The base camp was set up at Cape Denison on Commonwealth bay. His team explored and mapped all the way from the coastal area of Antarctica to the south of Australia. Mawson is a geologist (A person who studies rocks) and histeam was very lucky in finding the first meteorite on Antarctica. They were also the first to use radio communication in Antarctica. In 1912 the team exc
http://www.theage.com.au/ffximage/2008/05/09/Mawson_080507095108013_wideweb__300x375,1.jpg
In 1901 Ernest Shackleton joined an expedition to go to Antarctica. The leader of the expedition was Robert Falcon Scott. Later in 1907-09 Shackleton lead his own expedition to reach the South Pole. Shackleton was only 160 kilometres away when he had to turn back because if the lack of food. He then returned again in 1914 to try and cross Antarctica by land. They did not succeed due to an unfortunate incident, which showed Shackleton’s great leadership. This incident started with the expeditions boat, Endurance got stuck in the ice. It was there for 10 months before it was crushed by the pressure on the ice. Half of the team took 3 row boats to Elephant Island but no one was there. Some of the team stay on Elephant Island. Shackleton and 5 other people then took only one of the lifeboats and made it through treacherous water to South Georgia Island. This is where they found a fishing town and convinced a Chilean tugboat to take them back to Elephant Island and to rescue the rest of the expedition on Antarctica. No one on Shackleton’s team died and they all got back safely to their homes to tell of their trilling tale.
In 1911 two men, Roald Amundsen from Norway and Robert Falcon Scott from Britain bothset out in an attempt to reach the South Pole.
After Shackleton’s failed attempt in 1909, Robert Falcon Scott tried to reach the South Pole. But what Scott didn’t know was that a secret expedition from Norway, who was also trying to reach the Pole.
Amundsen was an experienced Antarctic explorer. He sailed to the Bay of Whales and set up a base called Framheim. His expedition was a secret but Amundsen was a lot more organised than Scott.
He had 5 men and 52 dogs.
His expedition was a secret but Amundsen was a lot more organised than Scott. Beforethe expedition started, Amundsen and his team placed fo
packages along a track. His team used skis and teams of huskies to pull the sleds. On the 14th of December 1911, Amundsen’s team reach the South Pole without any problems. To get back to Framheim, theteam’s base, it took them 99 days or 1093 kilometres. Once they got to their base it took them 5 days tosail to Victoria. The team told everyone of their victory.
Exploration by air of Antarctica started with balloons. But these balloons were tied to the ground for the safety of the people inside. When aeroplanes were finally flown over Antarctica, the explorers explored and mapped a lot more of Antarctica. In 1902, Robert Scott and Ernest Shackleton were the first people to see Antarctica from a hydrogen balloon. The balloons name was Eva.
http://www.lessignets.com/signetsdiane/calendrier/images/janv/17/Robert_Scott-gr1223.jpg
Sir George Hubert Wilkins was an Australian pilot. Who was part of Shackleton’s 1922 expedition, later in1928, Wilkins and his co-pilot, Carl Eilson, were the first to fly an aeroplane over Antarctica. The flight went for 11 hours straight. They covered over 2100 kilometres. The flight went from Deception Island to the Antarctic Peninsula and back again. Wilkins was thrilled about how valuable it was to have an aeroplane to fly over Antarctica. Wilkins stated ‘for the first time in human history, new land was being discovered from the air.’
Admiral Richard Byrd was an Antarctic explorer for the US from 1928-47. In 1929 Byrd and three other companions were the first to fly over the South Pole. Their trip took 19 hour. Byrd also mapped many large areas for newly discovered land from the air. While explorers were in the air, scientists on the land researched rocks and meteorites on Antarctica.
Lincoln Ellsworth was a millionaire. He was an adventurer from the US. In 1953 Ellsworth became the first person to fly across the Antarctic continent. The plane he flew was named Polar Star. Ellsworth and his co-pilot Herbert Hollick-Kenyon started their trip at Dundee Island. Which is just of the Northern Peninsula of Antarctica. The plane had to land three times before finally running out of fuel. They were forced to land on the Ross Ice Shelf. They were only half an hour away from their destination. Ellsworth and his companion were rescued with help from Australia.
All the explorers who have gone to Antarctica have helped us to discover some small part of a big mysterious continent, at the bottom of the world. Only some of these people have survived treacherous conditions, while others have not made the whole journey safely. There is still many more explorers and exploration to be done of Antarctica.
http://cache4.asset- cache.net/xc/3018637.jpg?v=1&c=IWSAsset&k=2&d=45B0EB3381F7834D7F48E64257045419C9C23CEA87573D5F5223CE6E4BAF89B1
http://www.coolantarctica.com/Antarctica%20fact%20file/History/images/amund_pole_lg.jpg
Roald Amundsen